Kapustin: Between the Lines

Ophelia Gordon, piano

Nikolai Kapustin (1937–2020) occupies a distinctive place in 20th- and 21st-century music. A classically trained pianist and composer, Kapustin cleverly fused the formal, structural rigour of classical music with the rhythmic vitality and improvisational idioms of jazz. His works defy easy categorisation: though they sound spontaneously jazzy, they are entirely notated in classical form, leaving no space for actual improvisation. This paradox became the hallmark of his style.

Born in Horlivka, Ukraine, Kapustin studied piano at the Moscow Conservatory, under Alexander Goldenweiser, at a time when jazz was still viewed with suspicion by Soviet authorities. Kapustin’s fascination with American jazz pianists like Art Tatum, Oscar Peterson and Erroll Garner led him to explore the genre secretly and he absorbed its harmonic language, rhythmic energy, and phrasing to create his own compositional language. His music is vibrant, cerebral, witty, exuberant and alive.

British pianist Ophelia Gordon makes a striking recording debut with this album of works by Nikolai Kapustin, drawn to his music as it reflects her own background (she grew up in a household full of music, both jazz and classical), her musical versatility and her desire to challenge the barriers between different genres of music.

Ophelia says, “I dream of a world where classical and jazz musicians can perform side by side, with no gatekeeping or barriers. Kapustin’s music makes that dream feel possible. It sits beautifully in the space between genres. It speaks directly to jazz musicians through its harmony and rhythm, and to classical musicians through its texture and form.”

This album is a celebration of the space “between the lines” where Kapustin’s music sits. In preparation for the recording, Ophelia tracked down many long out-of-print vinyl recordings of the composer’s own performances to find the essence of Kapustin’s voice. The recording is also a milestone in that it’s the first full release of Kapustin’s music by a female British pianist.

The album opens with Big Band Sounds, Op. 46 (1986), a piece rich in swing and the textures and timbres of Big Band jazz. Ophelia sashays through it with panache, making a bold opening statement for the rest of her debut album.

Selections from the 24 Preludes follow. Based on Chopin’s model, most of the Preludes presented here are upbeat and foot-tapping, but No. 5 in D Major is more wistful, with hints of Bill Evans. Contemplation follows, a gentle, introspective piece which conjures up a late-night smoky jazz club. Ophelia gives this a wonderful spaciousness, so much so that it sounds improvised there and then.

The Paraphrase on “Aquarela do Brasil” is Kapustin’s take the famous Brazilian standard “Brazil,” composed by Ary Barroso in 1939. Ophelia played along with a samba beat “to lock into the groove” and the piece has a joyful, pacey mood, rich in colour and textures, with occasional moments of almost Lisztian bravura.

The eight Concert Etudes are probably Kapustin’s most well-known pieces and each has a distinct character – punchy, impressionistic, groovy, funky, the Etudes reflect the influences of jazz greats such as Erroll Garner, Art Tatum, Bill Evans, Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock. Ophelia really revels in this music, switching effortlessly between the different characters of each Etude – from the shimmering sixths (perhaps drawn from Chopin?) to the driving energy of Toccatina. There are sonorous bass sounds and hints of Rachmaninov in some of the chords, reminding us of Kapustin’s heritage. Performed here as the complete set, the Etudes are witty, poetic, fierce, relentless, and often beautiful too.

To close, the Paraphrase on Dizzy Gillespie’s “Manteca” for Two Pianos. With its nod to the virtuosic paraphrases of Franz Liszt, with its dramatic flourishes and sparkling fioriture, the piece has a wonderful vibrant energy. Unable to find another pianist with whom to record the piece, Ophelia learnt both parts herself:

“The process was lengthy and difficult but incredibly rewarding. I split the parts into “rhythm” and “melody.” Though both switch roles, it was essential to record the rhythm part first, then play the solo part alongside it. I now perform this live with the rhythm coming through a PA system!”

Recorded on a characterful 1961 Steinway, the piano sound is rich and warm, colourful and immediate, and engineered with a microphone setup designed to balance the immediacy of a jazz trio with the depth and clarity of the classical solo piano. Ophelia plays with a natural virtuosity which never feels contrived nor forced, completely at home with Kapustin’s rhythmic vitality, and myriad harmonies and textures. She clearly loves this music because, as she herself says in the notes, it allows her to “be all of myself at the piano”.

With detailed notes by Ophelia Gordon herself, lending a more personal take on traditional liner notes, this is an impressive debut recording that leaves one wanting to hear more from this bold and authentic artist.

Kapustin: Between the Lines is released on 14 November on the Divine Art label (CD and streaming).

(Artist image: Ben Cillard)

For his autumn concert tour, which begins on Sunday 9 November, British pianist James Lisney places Beethoven’s late sonatas at the centre of this rich programme of masterpieces, not the least of which is the ricercar that Bach performed for Frederick the Great in Potsdam in 1747. “Old Bach of Leipzig” improvised on the King’s theme while using a newly developed fortepiano; the finished composition can thus lay claim to be the first major piano work.

The preludes by Chopin and Shostakovich are similarly written out versions of improvisatory pieces, whilst Myra Hess’ beloved chorale prelude, “Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring”, is a reminder of her close association with Beethoven’s final triptych of piano sonatas, and is included in this programme to honour the anniversary of her death on 25th November 1965.

James Lisney says, ‘I have returned to Beethoven’s late sonatas on many occasions over the past forty years. Each study period is a time of intense contentment that reveals new insights, greater pianistic authority, and a reflection of personal growth in terms of musical and extra-musical experience. The great Chilean pianist Claudio Arrau stated that passion deepens with age, and Beethoven’s late works are certainly ‘appassionato’, communicating ideas that stretch human experience.

There is a lifetime in this music, an inexhaustible well of ideas that defeat our perceptions of time during performance. I have long wanted to add preludes to this music, easing the listener into a new universe and refreshing the palate. The death of Shostakovich fifty years ago provided inspiration; Dame Myra Hess (d. November 1965), a peerless interpreter of these sonatas and the music of Bach, provided further items for the programme, not least her enduring transcription of the chorale prelude ‘Jesu Joy of Man’s Desiring’.

Johann Sebastian Bach’s Ricercar à 3 is a further example of a composition that represents a preludial improvisation, one executed by a master of the increasingly archaic art of counterpoint who was not above adding galant flourishes to a theme provided by Frederick II of Prussia. An example of an artist “speaking truth to power?”’

CONCERT DATES & VENUES

9 November, Bradshaw Hall, Royal Birmingham Conservatoire

18 November, St George’s Bristol

21 November 1901 Arts Club, London

22 November, The Red Hedgehog, London

28 November, The Quay Theatre, Sudbury, Suffolk

4 December, The Stoller Hall, Manchester

5 December, Stamford Arts Centre, Stamford, Lincolnshire

7 December, The Red Hedgehog, London

Find out more

This new release from prize-winning Russian pianist Anna Geniushene explores the early creativity of the great Romantic composers Chopin, Schumann, Brahms, Berg and Tchaikovsky, revealing the ambition, curiosity and individuality that shaped their musical identities.

‘The title Opus 1 carries profound significance. It represents a beginning, an assertion of identity, and the boundless potential of creativity. For some composers, an Opus 1 was a carefully chosen first statement; for others, it was simply the first work they deemed worthy of publication. Regardless of intention, each of these pieces marks a moment when a composer stepped forward and said, “This is where my journey begins.”’ – Anna Geniushene, pianist

Anna Geniushene

‘Opus 1’ does not necessarily indicate the first ever piece written by the composer, but rather the first published work. The works featured on Anna Geniushene’s new album are interesting in that they all contain fascinating pre-echoes of the composers’ later music, as well as highlighting the diversity, originality and future maturity of these composers.

Chopin composed his Rondo in C Minor when he was just fifteen. This sparkling work is a vibrant opening for this album – a piece that already bears all the hallmarks of his mature style – virtuosity, expression and an unmistakable lyricism – yet feels that it owes more to the bravura tradition of early nineteenth-century pianism.

“My first published piece was Scherzo à la russe, Op. 1″ so wrote Tchaikovsky in a letter to Nadezha von Meck, in 1879. Dedicated to the great pianist Nikolai Rubinstein (who famously rejected Tchaikovsky’s first Piano Concerto as unplayable), the Scherzo a la russe and Impromptu in E-flat minor both show hints of the composer’s later style, particularly that of the Nutcracker ballet score. Tchaikovsky composed his Opus 1 when he was a young professor at the Moscow Conservatory and still finding his compositional voice.

The Scherzo, based on a Ukrainian song which the composer heard from the gardeners at Kamenka, the home of his sister, begins innocently enough, with a naive melody, played with a delightful simplicity by Geniushene, before moving into a warm, chorale-like section. The Impromptu, meanwhile, marked ‘Allegro Furioso’, opens with an excitable gallop, cast in unremitting quaver triplets, which gives way to an arresting, Chopin-esque middle section played with great expression and beauty of tone.

Schumann composed his ‘Abegg Variations‘ when he was 18. Despite its opus number, this work was neither Schumann’s first, nor his first set of variations. With its ‘letter-to-pitch’ derivations, the music prefigures ‘Carnaval’, and the later fugues on the name BACH, and showcases Schumann’s distinctive contrasting musical voice or rather “voices” – from lyrical grace to sudden dramatic outbursts, all infused with a poetic sensibility that came to define his music. Here, each variation is executed with delicacy of touch, a mellifluous, romantic tone, and sparkling flourishes coupled with a sensitive appreciation of Schumann’s contrasting moods.

The romanticism of Schumann is followed by Alban Berg’s single-movement Sonata. Composed in 1907-08 under the guidance of Arnold Schoenberg, the work is tightly constructed with a continuously unfolding narrative arc. Though written at the beginning of Berg’s career, this work sees Berg pushing towards the atonality, expressive depth and structural complexity that would come to define his later works, and the Sonata is deftly handled by Geniushene, bringing dramatic intensity and lyricism to this haunting piece.

While Berg’s compositional voice may not be fully formed in his Sonata, Brahms’s Sonata in C Major, Op. 1 is a work of towering ambition. Although it was not the first piece he composed, it was the first he chose to publish, signalling his arrival as a composer of serious intent. Completed in 1853, when Brahms was just twenty, the sonata was written at a time when he had recently made a profound impression on Robert and Clara Schumann—an encounter that would shape his early career.

Grand in scope, rooted in the German tradition of Beethoven and Schumann, the Sonata opens with a thrilling opening gesture reminiscent of Beethoven’s ‘Hammerklavier’ Sonata, offset by a tender second theme, which prefigures the composer’s later writing for the piano. The slow movement is tender and songful, the Scherzo all Beethovenian swagger and rhythmic vitality, while the Finale reprises the ‘Hammerklavier’ idea in a dancing Rondo theme with contrasting episodes. Here, Geniushene moves seamlessly between power and resolution, warmth and lyricism.

‘To perform these works is to engage with the raw energy of creation itself, to stand at the threshold of something new and full of possibility. This album is not just a collection of early works—it is a celebration of the act of beginning, a reminder that every great artistic journey starts with a first single step.’ – Anna Geniushene

This impressive release from Anna Geniushene offers fascinating insights into the early work of these great composers and demonstrates how their early creativity set them on a path of greatness, each with a distinctive and individual musical voice.

Opus 1 is available now on the Fuga Libera label.

Meet the Artist interview with Anna Geniushene